摘要:
青海省都兰县热水乡地处东昆仑构造带，是重要的地热资源区。本文以热水乡温泉为研究对象，结合泉水和地表水进行了地球化学及同位素(δD，δ18O，3H，87Sr/86Sr，δ13C)分析，探讨了温泉的水文地球化学特征、成因机制及其资源开发潜力。研究结果表明，热水乡温泉出露温度为84.0~91.0℃，pH为8.25~8.45，矿化度为2921.39~3113.77mg/L，属高温弱碱性热矿泉水。温泉水化学类型为Na-Cl型，并含有较高的F、Li、Sr、SiO2和B等微量成分，具有一定的矿泉水开发潜力。水化学特征和锶同位素特征表明，温泉水的主要离子来源受盐岩溶解和硅酸盐岩溶解控制。氢氧同位素表明其补给源为周围山区的大气降水或冰雪融水；氚同位素表明其水年龄较为年轻且更新速度快。碳同位素表明温泉碳源主要来自地壳深部，兼有幔源和变质源成分。根据玉髓温标和硅焓图解估算，温泉的热储温度为224~231℃，循环深度为7115~7230 m，并且在上升过程中与浅层冷水发生较大比例的混合(74%~77%)。通过对地热水的水质评价、腐蚀性及结垢性分析，为热水乡地热资源的开发利用提供了理论依据，并提出了合理的开发建议。研究成果对提升热水乡地热水成因的研究水平和促进资源的可持续开发具有重要意义。
Abstract:
The Reshui Township in Dulan County, Qinghai Province, is located in the East Kunlun Tectonic Belt and is an important geothermal resource area. This study focuses on the Reshui Township hot spring, combining geochemical and isotope (δD, δ18O, 3H, 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C) analyses of both spring water and surface water to explore the hydrogeochemical characteristics, genesis mechanisms, and resource development potential of the spring. The results show that the spring has a discharge temperature ranging from 84.0 to 91.0°C, a pH value between 8.25 and 8.45, and a total dissolved solids of 2921.39 to 3113.77 mg/L, classifying it as a high-temperature weakly alkaline thermal mineral spring. The water chemistry type is Na-Cl, with high concentrations of trace elements such as F, Li, Sr, SiO2, and B, indicating significant potential for mineral water development. Geochemical characteristics and Sr isotope data indicate that the primary ion sources of the spring water are controlled by the dissolution of evaporite salts and silicate rocks. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data suggest that the recharge source of the spring is atmospheric precipitation or snowmelt from the surrounding mountainous areas. Tritium isotope analysis shows that the water is modern in origin, with a relatively young age and a rapid renewal rate. Carbon isotope data suggest that the carbon source of the spring is primarily from the deep crust, with contributions from both mantle and metamorphic sources. Based on the chalcedony geothermometer and silica enthalpy diagrams, the estimated geothermal reservoir temperature is between 224 and 231°C, and the circulation depth is between 7115 and 7230 m. During its ascent, the spring water mixes significantly with shallow cold water (74% to 77%). The water quality, corrosion, and scaling potential analyses provide theoretical support for the development and utilization of geothermal resources in Reshui Township, and practical suggestions for their rational development are proposed. The results of this study are of great significance for advancing the understanding of the genesis of Reshui Township's geothermal waters and promoting the sustainable development of its resources.
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