Abstract: The Ural-Southern Tienshan Orogenic system is an important tectonic unit of the Paleo-Asian tectonic domain, formed by the closure of the Ural-Southern Tienshan Ocean in the late Paleozoic. Because most of the area between the Ural orogenic belt and the South Tienshan orogenic belt lies under the Meso-Cenozoic cover of basin, the lack of outcrop evidence makes scholars have different opinions on the specific location of the Ural-South Tienshan suture belt. This paper introduces the basic situation and main progress in the division of tectonic units of the Urals orogenic belt, the South Tienshan Orogenic belt and the basement of the West Siberian basin. Based on the constraints of aeromagnetic data and mineral geological background, it is considered that the Valeranov marginal volcanic belt in the Ural orogenic belt is similar to the Beltao-Kurama marginal arc belt north to the Southern Tianshan orogenic belt, and both are magmatic arcs developed on the late Paleozoic Kazakhstan. It is suggested that the South Tienshan suture zone, through the transformation of the Aral Sea fault zone, can be traced to the north along the eastern foot of the Ural Mountains, that is, the western boundary fault of the TransUral tectonic belt (Kartaly fault), and can reach about 60° north latitude. At the same time, the Valeryanov-Belta-Kurama magmatic arc belt has rich mineral resources and important metallogenic significance.