石家庄地区浅层地下水化学特征及形成机制研究

    Study on chemical characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow groundwater in Shijiazhuang area

    • 摘要: 为了研究石家庄地区浅层地下水化学特征及其形成机制,本文基于2019-2020年石家庄地区浅层地下水水质监测数据,综合运用地理统计学、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型和离子比等方法,分析了石家庄地区不同水文地质单元浅层地下水化学特征、影响水质的主要化学指标及其形成机制。结果表明:研究区浅层地下水PH值在7.13~8.48间,属于中性水和弱碱性水;TH和TDS均值分别为391.03mg/l和590.60mg/l,沿地下水径流方向呈逐渐降低趋势;阴、阳离子以HCO3-、SO42-、Ca2+和Na+为主,台地、河谷平原区阳离子则以Ca2+和Mg2+为主;且Na+、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-等离子空间变异系数相对较大,说明受到一定程度的人为干扰,其中冲洪积平原和台地区受干扰程度较大。浅层地下水化学类型以HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg为主,其次为SO4·HCO3-Ca·Mg型,沿地下水径流路径由HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型水逐渐向SO4·HCO3-Ca·Mg型水过渡,水化学类型也逐渐变得复杂,开始出现SO4·HCO3-Na·Ca·Mg型水。浅层地下水化学组分形成主要受岩石风化作用、蒸发浓缩和人类活动影响,其中冲洪积平原和台地区地下水受到人类活动影响显著,区内TH、SO42-和NO3-三项指标超标样品的化学组分形成主要受大气降水、岩盐矿物溶解、硅酸钠岩/芒硝等含钠矿物的风化溶解和农业活动、市政污水和工业活动的影响。

       

      Abstract: In order to study the chemical characteristics and formation mechanism of shallow groundwater in Shijiazhuang area, this paper is based on the water quality monitoring data of shallow groundwater from 2019 to 2020 in Shijiazhuang area , and comprehensively uses geographic statistics, Piper trigram, Gibbs model and ion ratio methods to analyze the chemical characteristics,the main chemical indicators affecting water quality and their formation mechanism of shallow groundwater in different hydrogeological units in Shijiazhuang area.The results indicate that the pH value of shallow groundwater ranges from 7.13 to 8.48, belonging to neutral water and weakly alkaline water in the study area; The mean values of TH and TDS are 391.03mg/l and 590.60mg/l, respectively, showing a gradually decreasing trend along the direction of groundwater runoff; The major cations and anions are HCO3-, SO42-, Ca2+and Na+, while the major cations are Ca2+and Mg2+ in plateau and valley plain areas; Moreover, the spatial variation coefficients of Na+, Cl-, SO42- and NO3- ions are relatively large, indicating a certain degree of human interference, particularly in the alluvial plain and Taiwan region.The chemical types of shallow groundwater are mainly HCO3•SO4 -Ca•Mg, followed by SO4•HCO3-Ca•Mg. Along the groundwater runoff path, the HCO3•SO4-Ca•Mg type water gradually transitions to SO4•HCO3- Ca•Mg type water,and the hydrochemical types gradually become more complex, with the emergence of SO4•HCO3- Na• Ca •Mg type water.The formation of chemical components is mainly influenced by rock weathering, evaporation and concentration and human activities in shallow groundwater . Among them, groundwater is significantly affected by human activities in alluvial plains and Taiwan areas. The formation of chemical components in samples with TH, SO42-and NO3- indicators exceeding the standard  is mainly affected by atmospheric precipitation, dissolution of rock salt minerals, weathering and dissolution of sodium containing minerals such as sodium silicate rock/saltpeter, as well as agricultural activities, municipal sewage, and industrial activities in the area.
       
       

       

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