Objective With the deepening of geological surveys and research, substantial evidence has indicated that the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt experienced large−scale mineralization during the Silurian–Devonian periods. However, there has been a long−standing lack of in−depth research on the mineralization processes of these periods. This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of large−scale mineralization during the Silurian–Devonian in East Kunlun and its geodynamic background, with the goal of supporting a new round of strategic actions for mineral exploration breakthroughs.

Methods Based on a systematic collection of the latest mineral exploration results from the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, this paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the types and characteristics of mineralization during the Silurian–Devonian periods in this region.

Results The East Kunlun region primarily developed three types of deposits during the Silurian−Devonian periods: magmatic segregation−type copper−nickel deposits related to mafic−ultramafic rocks, such as those found in Xiarihamu and Binggounan; porphyry–skarn deposits related to granitoids, which can be further subdivided into porphyry–skarn copper−iron polymetallic deposits and skarn tungsten−tin deposits, such as those in Kaerqueka, Wulanwuzhuer, and Baiganhu; alkaline rock−carbonatite−type niobium deposits related to alkaline rocks and carbonatites, represented by the Dagele deposit.

Conclusions Comprehensive previous studies indicate that the formation of large−scale metal deposits in East Kunlun during the Silurian−Devonian periods is closely related to the evolution following the closure of the Proto−Tethys Ocean. After the closure of the Proto−Tethys Ocean around 435 Ma, the East Kunlun region entered a continent−continent collision environment. Due to slab break−off and post−collisional extension, large−scale upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle was induced. During the ascent of mantle−derived magmas, varying degrees of crust−mantle interaction with continental crust materials occurred, forming magmas rich in ore−forming elements, which eventually emplaced in the upper crust, resulting in different types of deposits. Future research should further investigate the distribution and mineralization potential of Silurian–Devonian mafic−ultramafic rocks, carbonatites, and granitoids in East Kunlun, providing theoretical guidance for a comprehensive understanding of the metallogenic patterns in the region and achieving breakthroughs in mineral exploration.