Identification and tectonic setting of Early Paleozoic ophiolite in Wolihe, northern part of Greater Khingan Mountains
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摘要:
大兴安岭北段多宝山地区窝里河一带早古生代火山-沉积地层中出露一套镁铁—超镁铁质岩，其形成时代、构造性质一直不清楚。采用岩石学、岩石地球化学及锆石U−Pb（LA−MC−ICP−MS）年代学方法对其进行了系统研究。研究表明，这套镁铁—超镁铁质岩包括蛇纹岩、蛇纹石化辉橄岩、蚀变辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、玄武安山岩及枕状玄武岩，具有蛇绿岩组合特点；前二者为地幔岩，辉长岩具堆晶岩特点，玄武安山岩相当于基性岩墙，枕状玄武岩为海底喷出岩；它们都呈岩块状分布在早古生代片理化火山碎屑岩-碎屑沉积岩基质中，共同构成一套蛇绿混杂岩。其中，镁铁质岩石属于钙碱性系列，超镁铁岩与镁铁质岩石均富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K、Sr，亏损高场强元素Nb、P、Ti及Th，具有活动大陆边缘弧火山岩特点；获得蛇绿岩上部单元玄武安山岩形成时代447 Ma。总括蛇绿岩岩石组合及地球化特征，认为蛇绿岩属消减型蛇绿岩（SSZ），形成于弧背盆地构造背景；蛇绿岩构造侵位最年轻地质体为早—中奥陶世，推测蛇绿岩构造侵位于晚奥陶世末期。
Abstract:A set of mafic−ultramafic rocks emerged from the Early Paleozoic volcano−sedimentary strata in the Wolihe of Duobaoshan area, northern part of the Greater Khingan Mountains, whose formation age and structural properties are still unclear.In this paper, petrology, petrogeochemistry and zircon U−Pb (LA−MC−ICP−MS) chronology are used to systematically study the set of mafic−ultramafic rocks.The results show that the mafic−ultramafic rocks include serpentinite, serpentinized pyroxene peridotite, altered gabbro, hornblende gabbro, basaltic andesite and pillow basalt, which have the characteristics of ophiolite combination; The first two are mantle rocks, gabbro has the characteristics of cumulates, basalt andesite is equivalent to basic dike, pillow basalt is submarine extruded rock; They are distributed in the matrix of Early Paleozoic stratified pyroclastic rock and clastic sedimentary rock, and together constitute a set of ophiolitic mellitic rocks.Among them, mafic rocks belong to the calc−alkaline series,ultramafic rocks and mafic rocks are rich in large ion lithophile elements Ba, K, Sr, and depleted in high field strength elements Nb, P, Ti and Th, which have the characteristics of active continental margin arc volcanic rocks.The formation age of basalt andesite in the upper unit of ophiolite is 447 Ma.In summary, it is considered that the ophiolite belongs to suprasubduction zone type ophiolite (SSZ), which formed in the tectonic setting of the arc back basin. The youngest geological body of the ophiolite tectonic emplacement is the Early to Middle Ordovician, and it is speculated that the ophiolite tectonic emplacement is located at the end of the late Ordovician, it is inferred that the ophiolite tectonic emplacement was at the end of the Late Ordovician.
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图 1 黑龙江多宝山地区大地构造位置（a）和地质简图（b，据黑龙江省地质调查研究院，2009修改）
P3—上二叠统；D—泥盆系；S—志留系；γK1—早白垩世花岗岩；γT3J1—晚三叠世－早侏罗世花岗岩；γC—早石炭世花岗岩；1—上奥陶统；2—早-中奥陶世碎屑沉积建造；3—早-中奥陶世火山建造；4—寒武系苗岭统-芙蓉统；5—晚三叠世潜安山岩及闪长岩；6—中奥陶世花岗闪长岩及花岗闪长斑岩；7—晚奥陶世辉长岩/超镁铁岩；8—不整合界线/断层；9—样品及露头位置
Figure 1. Tectonic location map (a) and geological sketch map (b) of Duobaoshan area, Heilongjiang Province
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图 2 窝里河17W04露头素描图
1—凝灰岩；2—安山质晶屑凝灰岩；3—晶屑凝灰岩；4—粉砂质泥岩；5—安山质角砾晶屑凝灰岩；6—阳起石岩；7—蛇纹岩；8—蚀变辉长岩；9—角闪辉长岩；10—玄武安山岩；11—细碧岩；12—样品位置及编号；13—植被覆盖
Figure 2. Sketch map of outcrop (17W04) in Wolihe area
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图 3 蛇绿岩堆积岩判别图(据Coleman，1982)( TFeO为全部铁换算成FeO)
Figure 3. Discriminant map of ophiolite accumulations
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图 4 蛇绿岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图（a,c）和原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b,d)
Figure 4. Chondrite –normalized REE distribution patterns (a,c) and primitive mantle-normalized multi-elements spider (b,d) of the ophiolites
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图 5 基性火成岩 Nb/Y−Zr/TiO2岩石分类图解
Figure 5. Basic igneous rocks classification diagrams according to Nb/Y−Zr/TiO2
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图 6 玄武安山岩锆石U−Pb年龄谐和图
Figure 6. U−Pb concordia diagrams summarizing the LA−MC−ICP−MS zircon data for the basaltic andesite
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图 7 基性火成岩构造环境判别图
a—Zr/4−Nb*2−Y图解；b—Th−Hf/3−Nb/16图解；c—Th/Yb−La/Yb图解；d— Nb/Yb−Th/Yb图解。OIB—洋岛玄武岩；N−MORB—正常洋脊玄武岩；E−MORB—富集型洋脊玄武岩；MORB—洋脊玄武岩
Figure 7. Tectonic environment discriminant map of basic igneous rock
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图 8 早古生代弧岩浆岩带构造演化模式图
Figure 8. The tectonic evolution model of Early Paleozoic arc magmatic belt
表 1 样品主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 1 Major, trace elements and REE values for the sample
元素 b17 b6 b7 b11 b15 b8 b9 b18 b10 b14 玄武安山岩（岩块） 蛇纹岩（蛇纹石化辉橄岩） 蚀变辉长岩（岩块） 角闪辉长岩（岩块） 细碧岩（岩块） SiO2 52.61 38.89 38.45 38.70 39.30 42.47 35.71 49.96 47.61 45.02 Al2O3 15.61 1.16 1.15 0.82 0.18 17.52 20.56 15.75 16.65 16.60 Fe2O3 0.71 4.60 4.12 4.82 4.09 1.24 5.11 1.61 1.88 1.94 MgO 7.09 38.39 38.92 38.71 39.15 8.76 8.64 8.03 6.53 9.30 MnO 0.22 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.17 0.20 0.27 0.23 TiO2 0.80 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.02 1.18 2.03 1.03 1.01 1.19 CaO 5.66 0.03 0.01 0.13 0.08 10.74 14.45 4.60 6.04 4.21 K2O 3.59 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.07 3.24 1.43 1.12 1.96 1.55 Na2O 4.18 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.07 1.06 0.06 5.00 3.64 3.93 P2O5 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.15 0.47 0.22 0.13 0.14 FeO 5.30 3.95 4.04 2.97 3.23 9.88 6.29 8.49 9.88 11.55 烧失量 3.40 12.67 12.71 13.21 13.47 2.93 4.99 3.77 4.21 4.67 总计 99.42 100.02 99.67 99.65 99.86 99.39 99.92 99.77 99.81 100.32 TFeO 5.94 8.08 7.74 7.31 6.91 10.99 10.89 9.93 11.57 13.29 Mg# 68.01 89.43 89.96 90.42 90.99 58.67 58.58 59.03 50.15 55.50 σ 2.50 － － － － － － 2.32 2.61 3.85 Y 15.79 2.80 2.38 1.73 1.21 35.62 43.94 39.70 26.54 30.96 La 28.60 1.02 0.43 0.65 0.89 5.80 32.44 17.22 5.58 3.79 Ce 67.18 9.84 3.30 1.34 4.66 16.99 78.14 38.68 15.96 11.85 Pr 8.82 0.29 0.18 0.19 0.26 2.77 10.25 5.27 2.29 2.08 Nd 39.14 1.39 1.01 0.75 1.04 15.10 48.09 25.31 12.44 10.48 Sm 7.50 0.40 0.24 0.23 0.19 4.89 10.52 6.09 3.74 2.85 Eu 3.04 0.16 0.10 0.10 0.18 2.50 4.38 2.84 2.20 1.12 Gd 5.50 0.41 0.27 0.22 0.25 4.50 9.18 5.97 3.77 3.28 Tb 0.71 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.92 1.39 1.07 0.70 0.84 Dy 2.91 0.39 0.29 0.24 0.17 5.37 7.46 5.87 4.00 3.74 Ho 0.50 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.04 1.22 1.51 1.32 0.91 0.86 Er 1.43 0.29 0.29 0.16 0.12 3.52 4.50 4.08 2.65 3.03 Tm 0.18 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.59 0.63 0.59 0.43 0.40 Yb 1.03 0.33 0.24 0.20 0.13 3.54 3.81 3.57 2.85 2.93 Lu 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.51 0.53 0.56 0.41 0.39 Sr 1600.00 13.86 12.52 14.81 12.61 550.95 1400.00 345.64 519.08 271.03 Ba 5600.00 23.66 24.17 42.69 26.39 2500.00 1700.00 1200.00 950.02 556.64 Cr 27.76 3100.00 3100.00 3400.00 2700.00 204.63 158.37 181.27 35.67 60.03 Co 36.28 166.98 174.42 157.20 178.64 56.60 72.74 75.76 31.24 46.91 Ni 18.76 2400.00 2200.00 2300.00 2000.00 84.17 145.13 67.90 22.13 48.47 V 99.01 28.68 25.61 32.06 23.52 256.91 199.58 200.20 292.01 298.36 Nb 4.80 3.48 2.55 2.38 2.69 4.49 15.37 8.35 3.97 5.46 Ta 0.83 2.46 0.81 1.61 1.83 0.52 2.67 0.86 0.78 0.70 Rb 52.77 2.76 3.57 1.73 2.87 76.16 26.21 16.56 23.33 20.25 Li 104.23 30.19 26.31 11.54 17.60 128.15 230.13 93.95 227.24 153.04 Be 1.73 0.12 0.12 0.21 0.13 0.52 1.06 0.93 0.38 0.49 Zr 143.72 2.00 3.50 1.35 8.82 107.05 227.86 81.24 74.53 97.28 Hf 3.27 0.29 0.13 0.21 0.12 2.81 5.33 3.48 1.91 2.07 Th 4.11 0.68 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.49 2.03 2.89 0.39 0.34 U 1.37 0.07 0.05 0.27 0.12 0.33 0.59 0.83 0.57 0.40 Sc 4.94 7.02 6.70 5.49 5.00 28.03 18.13 21.30 16.20 21.04 Eu* 1.38 1.18 1.15 1.39 2.47 1.60 1.33 1.42 1.78 1.12 Ce* 1.03 4.36 2.95 0.93 2.32 1.03 1.04 0.99 1.09 1.02 ΣREE 166.68 14.74 6.57 4.22 8.02 68.22 212.83 118.44 57.93 47.65 (La/Yb)N 19.93 2.21 1.29 2.38 5.09 1.18 6.11 3.46 1.41 0.93 (Gd/Yb)N 4.42 1.02 0.95 0.93 1.65 1.05 2.00 1.38 1.09 0.93 La/Ta 34.32 0.41 0.53 0.40 0.49 11.11 12.15 20.14 7.18 5.42 MgO/SiO2 0.13 0.99 1.01 1.00 1.00 0.21 0.24 0.16 0.14 0.21 MgO/(MgO+TFeO) 0.54 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.36 0.41 Ti/V 48.31 14.00 12.06 7.48 5.10 27.46 60.94 30.96 20.75 23.98 Nb/Y 0.30 1.24 1.07 1.37 2.23 0.13 0.35 0.21 0.15 0.18 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10−6。Eu∗=EuN/√SmN×GdN,Ce∗=CeN/√LaN×PrN 
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表 2 玄武安山岩LA−MC−ICP−MS锆石U−Th−Pb测试结果
Table 2 LA−MC−ICP−MS zircon U−Th−Pb dating results for the basaltic andesite
测点 含量/10−6 Th/U 普通铅校正后同位素比值 普通铅校正后年龄/Ma Pb U Th 206Pb/238U ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 1 12 143 174 1.22 0.0717 0.0007 0.5569 0.0131 0.0564 0.0013 446 4 449 11 467 50 2 19 212 267 1.26 0.0715 0.0008 0.5521 0.0153 0.0560 0.0013 445 5 446 12 452 51 3 8 74 90 1.21 0.0747 0.0009 1.1926 0.0513 0.1158 0.0047 465 6 797 34 1892 73 4 19 234 201 0.86 0.0723 0.0008 0.5526 0.0102 0.0554 0.0009 450 5 447 8 430 35 5 79 891 1162 1.30 0.0719 0.0007 0.5583 0.0076 0.0563 0.0007 448 5 450 6 465 28 6 32 380 352 0.93 0.0715 0.0008 0.5570 0.0086 0.0565 0.0008 445 5 450 7 471 31 7 16 185 233 1.26 0.0718 0.0007 0.5553 0.0121 0.0561 0.0011 447 4 448 10 455 45 8 27 325 307 0.94 0.0721 0.0008 0.5563 0.0092 0.0560 0.0008 449 5 449 7 452 33 9 14 163 174 1.06 0.0722 0.0008 0.5607 0.0120 0.0563 0.0011 450 5 452 10 464 44 10 15 177 170 0.96 0.0714 0.0008 0.5477 0.0150 0.0556 0.0013 445 5 444 12 436 53 11 21 236 240 1.02 0.0712 0.0007 0.5495 0.0149 0.0560 0.0013 443 5 445 12 451 52 12 12 141 159 1.13 0.0715 0.0008 0.5489 0.0259 0.0557 0.0026 445 5 444 21 440 104 13 12 139 154 1.11 0.0717 0.0007 0.5550 0.0147 0.0562 0.0015 446 5 448 12 459 61 14 12 140 135 0.96 0.0727 0.0008 0.5559 0.0190 0.0555 0.0018 452 5 449 15 432 72 15 8 107 31 0.29 0.0722 0.0008 0.5577 0.0213 0.0561 0.0019 449 5 450 17 454 77 16 13 155 157 1.01 0.0720 0.0008 0.5537 0.0120 0.0558 0.0011 448 5 447 10 445 45 17 21 254 233 0.92 0.0721 0.0007 0.5581 0.0096 0.0562 0.0009 449 5 450 8 458 36 18 45 523 580 1.11 0.0722 0.0007 0.5584 0.0084 0.0561 0.0008 449 5 451 7 456 30
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