三水盆地古近纪真骨鱼类化石新材料的报道和早期研究的回顾

    The report of new fossilmaterials of the Paleogeneteleosts found in Sanshui Basin, Guangdong and review of the early studies

    • 摘要: 真骨鱼类是中生代开始出现的较为进步辐鳍鱼类,现生辐鳍鱼类绝大多数都为真骨鱼。近些年,新生代的真骨鱼的研究又重新被重视起来,广东省三水盆地古近纪的鱼类化石的价值得到了重视。三水盆地古近纪发现过的真骨鱼类有鲤形目(Cypriniformes)、鲈形目(Perciformes)、鲶形目(Siluriformes)和骨舌鱼目(Osteoglossidae)。本文主要对张显球先生捐赠的一批三水盆地鱼类化石进行报道,同时对前人对三水盆地鱼类研究做一个简要的回顾。这批标本以洞庭鳜为主,鲤形目、鮠科和金龙鱼相对较少,完整程度也较差,洞庭鳜之前只在㘵心组地层中发现,而这批洞庭鳜标本也有莘庄村组和华涌组的成员,扩大了洞庭鳜的地史记录。三水盆地的鱼类动物群时间跨度较长,其特点是洞庭鳜数量占绝大多数,同时生存时间跨度也最久;鲤形目则是多样化程度为最高的类群,其在中古新世种类最多,到早始新世种类迅速减少;鮠科发现最少,但也延续到了早始新世;而大型淡水捕食型鱼类——金龙鱼(Scleropages)则是仅出现在早始新世。

       

      Abstract:   The Paleogene fish fossils in Sanshui Basin has been paid more attention with the emphasis of the study of Cenozoic teleost fish recently. Four orders of teleosts has been found in the Paleogene sediment of Sanshui Basin, including Cypriniformes, Perciformes, Siluriformes and Osteoglossidae. The main aims of this article is to report on a batch of fish fossils donated by Zhang Xianqiu, and also makes a brief review of the previous studies on Cenozoic fish in the Sanshui Basin. The overwhelming majority component of these fossils are Tungtingichthys, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes and Osteoglossidae are relatively less, which preservation are also bad. Tungtingichthys was only found in Buxin Formation in the previous study, but it already be found in Xinzhuangcun Formation and Huachong Formation in these fossils. It expanded the geologic history record of Tungtingichthys. The fauna of Sanshui Basin has a long time span, and the characters contain: Tungtingichthys make up the overwhelming majority of number and had the longest geologic history living span; Cypriniformes is the most diverse group which most variety in Middle Paleocene and rapid declined in species in Early Eocene; Bagridae are rarely founded but still alive in Early Eocene; and fresh-water fish Scleropage only appeared in Early Eocene.
        Key wards: Sanshui Basin, Paleogene, Teleosts, Population succession

       

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