Recovery of original quality characteristics and estimation of hydrocarbon expulsion of upper paleozoic source rocks in the Sishen 1 well area, Songliao Basin
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摘要:
松辽盆地四深1井区基底古生界已发现天然气，但是烃源岩有机质热演化程度高，仅依据现今残余的有机质丰度和生烃潜力参数会极大降低烃源岩评价的准确性，误导油气远景的评估。利用岩石热解参数、有机碳同位素、镜质体反射率及有机显微组分等实验数据，通过多种方法恢复烃源岩原始有机质丰度及生烃潜力，确定降解率法的恢复结果可靠，进一步结合生烃潜力法分析热演化过程中烃源岩的排烃特征。结果表明，四深1井区古生界烃源岩大部分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型有机质，恢复后的原始有机碳（TOC）平均值为2.56%，原始热解烃量（S2）平均值为16.11 mg/g，恢复后的原始烃源岩品质达到好—极好级别。基于Ⅰ和Ⅱ1型有机质热演化过程中烃源岩的排烃量曲线，得出四深1井区上古生界烃源岩在三叠纪早期（约230 Ma）进入排烃门限（Ro=0.7%），在三叠纪晚期（约210 Ma）到达排烃高峰(Ro=1.1%)，原油主要成藏阶段在三叠纪—侏罗纪早期（230～200 Ma），排烃量为416.423×108 t。主要成气期在侏罗纪中晚期阶段（200～165 Ma），排烃量为55.093×108 t。研究表明，四深1井区上古生界烃源岩已经为油气藏的形成提供了丰富的烃源。
Abstract:Natural gas has been discovered in the basement of the Paleozoic strata in the Sishen 1 well area of the Songliao Basin. However, the organic matter in the source rocks was in the over mature stage. Based on residual TOC and rock pyrolysis, the evaluation accuracy of source rock was reduced significantly, and it could result in erroneous assessments of the oil and gas exploration potential. A bulk of experimental data encompassing rock pyrolysis parameters, isotopic ratios of organic carbon, vitrinite reflectance, organic maceral components and multiple recovery methodologies were employed to restore the original organic matter content and hydrocarbon generation potential of the Paleozoic source rocks. The degradation rate method was selected as the most reliable recovery method based on the recovery results. Subsequently, the expulsion characteristics of the source rocks throughout the thermal maturation process were analyzed, leveraging the hydrocarbon potential method. The findings indicated that the majority kerogen type of Paleozoic source rocks in the Sishen 1 well area were classified as Type I and Type II1. The average original total organic carbon (TOC) content was 2.56%, while the average original S2 value was calculated to be 16.11 mg/g. Consequently, the quality of the original source rocks was good to excellent. According to the hydrocarbon expulsion curves of I and II1 kerogen during thermal evolution, the Paleozoic source rocks in the Sishen 1 well area were found to have entered the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold during the Early Triassic (approximately 230 Ma), characterized by a vitrinite reflectance (Ro) value of 0.7%, and the peak of hydrocarbon expulsion was attained in the Late Triassic (approximately 210 Ma), with an Ro value of 1.1%. Oil accumulation was occurred from the Early Triassic to the Early Jurassic (approximately 230 Ma to 200 Ma), with an estimated expulsion volume of 416.423×108 t. Then, gas generation was happened during the Middle to Late Jurassic (approximately 200 Ma to 165 Ma), with an expulsion volume recorded at 55.093×108 t. The study has shown that that the Upper Paleozoic source rocks in the Sishen 1 well area have provided abundant source of hydrocarbons for the formation of oil and gas reservoirs.
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图 1 研究区基底骨架断裂分布图（a）及地层柱状图（b）(王成文等, 2009; 邢大全等, 2015)
Figure 1. Distribution of basal skeleton fractures (a) and stratigraphic histogram (b) of the study area
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图 2 生排烃模式图(Pang et al., 2005)
Figure 2. Pattern diagram of hydrocarbon expulsion from source rocks
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图 3 研究区烃源岩实测TOC含量分布图
Figure 3. Distribution of measured TOC content of hydrocarbon source rocks in the study area
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图 4 有机碳同位素判断有机质类型分布图
Figure 4. Distribution of organic carbon isotopes to determine organic matter types
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图 7 不同盆地烃源岩生烃排烃模式图（据陈建平等，2014）
Figure 7. Hydrocarbon generation and drainage patterns of hydrocarbon source rocks in different basins
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图 9 四深1井埋藏史图（据逯晓喻等，2013）
K1q—泉头组；K1d—登娄库组；K1sh—沙河子组；D—泥盆纪；C—石炭纪；P—二叠纪；T—三叠纪；J—侏罗纪；K—白垩纪；E−Q—新近纪−第四纪
Figure 9. The burial history of the Sishen 1 well
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图 8 烃源岩排烃量综合图
C—P—石炭纪−二叠纪；T—三叠纪；J—侏罗纪；K—白垩纪；E—Q—新近纪−第四纪
Figure 8. Comprehensive chart of hydrocarbon expulsion amount from source rocks
表 1 样品实测地球化学参数
Table 1 Measured geochemical parameters of the samples
样品编号 TOC/% TC/% TS/% S1/(mg·g−1) S2/(mg·g−1) δ13CTOC/‰ Tmax/℃ Ro/% 4S-1 2.42 3.07 1.12 0.26 0.04 −28.05 409 2.13 4S-2 1.41 1.45 0.02 0.01 0.01 −29.66 350 2.79 4S-3 1.52 1.6 1.51 0.01 0.02 −30.15 433 2.90 4S-5 1.86 2.21 2.87 0.01 0.02 −27.11 340 2.87 4S-6 1.67 1.95 6.67 0.01 0.03 −28.18 429 2.92 4S-7 1.23 1.44 1.37 0.01 0.06 −28.95 439 2.55 4S-8 1.67 2.35 1.18 0.13 1.17 −29.2 434 2.88 4S-9 1.38 1.38 0.94 0.01 0.03 −28.97 440 2.63 4S-10 0.62 0.74 0.03 0.01 0.02 −27.52 434 2.44 4S-11 1.03 1.1 0.7 0.05 0.03 −27.91 469 2.13 4S-12 2.61 2.77 1.69 5.14 3.20 −28.08 427 2.2 4S-13 1.72 1.83 1.57 0.06 0.12 −27.74 425 2.27 4S-14 1.39 1.49 0.85 0.02 0.01 −27.33 278 2.79 4S-15 1.16 1.29 0.11 0.53 0.62 −28.41 372 2.20 4S-16 1.7 1.84 0.71 0.01 0.01 −27.64 412 2.96 4S-17 1.38 1.44 0.11 0.07 0.02 −27.92 277 2.45 4S-18 1.35 1.91 0.12 0.03 0.41 −27.67 435 2.12 4S-19 1.36 1.73 1.39 0.27 0.33 −27.82 379 2.52 4S-20 1.13 1.99 0.15 0.10 0.01 −27.71 269 2.68 4S-21 1.26 1.77 0.09 0.11 0.09 −27.87 327 2.70 4S-22 1.29 2 0.61 0.11 0.02 −29.29 277 2.84 4S-23 1.99 2.2 0.38 0.31 0.33 −26.98 395 2.2 4S-24 1.36 2.33 3.06 0.07 0.09 −26.74 410 2.6 C1-1 1.04 1.06 2.56 0.11 4.88 −30.01 428 2.5 C8-1 0.6 0.63 3.08 0.01 0.04 −29.6 344 2.67 C8-2 0.33 0.48 1.57 0.01 0.03 −32.23 447 2.68 C8-3 1.13 1.18 0.78 0.02 0.04 −28.92 436 2.1 C8-4 1.01 1.28 0.63 0.04 0.11 −26.76 374 2.68 C8-5 0.74 1.07 0.61 0.04 0.12 −25.83 415 2.03 C8-6 0.83 0.88 0.7 0.02 0.05 −28.29 440 2.67 C8-7 0.73 1.05 0.35 0.03 0.08 −27.64 397 2.32 C8-8 0.74 1.13 0.17 0.03 0.06 −28.5 311 2.17 C8-9 1.03 1.33 0.13 0.03 0.09 −30.24 399 2.70 SC-1 2.21 2.41 2.4 2.54 1.59 −28.48 440 2.72 SC-2 0.27 0.73 3.17 0.01 0.02 −27.8 443 2.23 SC-3 0.58 1.41 2.14 0.96 2.85 −28.22 439 2.80 SC-4 1.91 1.98 1.52 0.03 0.05 −27.74 582 2.86 SC-5 0.38 0.79 1.32 0.08 0.03 −27.85 309 2.40 SC-6 2 2.3 1.8 0.16 0.11 −28.34 301 2.42 注：TOC—有机碳含量；TC—总碳含量；TS—总硫含量；S1—游离烃量；S2—热解烃量；δ13CTOC—有机碳同位素；Tmax—岩石热解最高峰温度；Ro—镜质体反射率 
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表 2 不同方法恢复后TOC相关参数变化
Table 2 Changes in TOC-related parameters after recovery by different methods
恢复方法 化学动力法 反演法 正演法 物质平衡法 降解率法 干酪根恢复系数法 恢复TOC范围/% 0.27～2.66 0.27～5.80 0.45～5.22 0.45～6.00 0.45～5.99 0.59～7.75 恢复TOC平均值/% 1.29 1.93 2.36 2.68 2.56 3.59 平均TOC恢复系数 1.01 1.38 1.83 2.07 1.97 2.76 恢复S2范围/(mg·g−1) 5.16～104.07 0.09～38.88 0.24～34.97 0.24～40.22 2.15～43.28 0.41～51.94 恢复S2平均值/(mg·g−1) 13.89 7.91 10.09 13.14 16.11 19.85
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表 3 Ⅰ型有机质烃源岩排烃过程各参数变化
Table 3 Variation of parameters in the process of hydrocarbon removal from type Ⅰ organic hydrocarbon source rock
成烃期 Ro/% 生烃转化率/% GPI/(mg·g−1) 排烃率/(mg·g−1) 排烃速率/[(mg·g−1)/(0.1%Ro)] TOC/% 排烃强度/(104t/km2) 排烃量/(108 t) 未熟期 0.50 0.00 722.89 0.00 0.00 3.10 0 0 0.60 0.00 722.89 0.00 0.00 3.10 0 0 主要成油期 0.70 0.00 722.89 0.00 0.00 3.10 0 0 0.80 9.52 654.04 68.85 68.85 2.71 203.64 61.835 0.90 20.95 571.43 151.46 82.62 2.36 389.57 118.293 1.00 38.10 447.50 275.39 123.92 1.97 592.40 179.884 1.10 56.19 316.69 406.20 130.81 1.68 745.09 226.250 1.20 70.48 213.42 509.47 103.27 1.51 837.18 254.212 1.30 80.00 144.58 578.31 68.85 1.41 888.60 269.827 主要成气期 1.40 87.14 92.94 629.95 51.64 1.34 922.99 280.269 1.50 91.43 61.96 660.93 30.98 1.31 942.13 286.081 1.60 93.33 48.19 674.70 13.77 1.29 950.31 288.565 1.70 95.24 34.42 688.47 13.77 1.27 958.29 290.990 1.80 96.19 27.54 695.35 6.88 1.27 962.22 292.181 1.90 96.95 22.03 700.86 5.51 1.26 965.32 293.124 2.00 97.33 19.28 703.61 2.75 1.26 966.86 293.592 过熟期 2.50 97.67 16.87 706.02 0.48 1.26 968.21 294.000 3.00 98.00 14.46 708.43 0.48 1.25 969.54 294.406 3.50 98.33 12.05 710.84 0.48 1.25 970.88 294.811 4.00 98.67 9.64 713.25 0.48 1.25 972.20 295.214 4.50 99.00 7.23 715.66 0.48 1.25 973.53 295.615 5.00 99.33 4.82 718.07 0.48 1.24 974.84 296.015 5.50 99.67 2.41 720.48 0.48 1.24 976.15 296.413 6.00 100.00 0.00 722.89 0.48 1.24 977.46 296.809
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表 4 Ⅱ1型有机质烃源岩排烃过程各参数变化
Table 4 Variation of parameters in the hydrocarbon drainage process of type Ⅱ1 organic hydrocarbon source rock
成烃期 Ro/% 生烃转化率/% GPI/(mg·g−1) 排烃率/(mg·g−1) 排烃速率/[(mg·g−1)/(0.1%Ro)] TOC/% 排烃强度/(104t/km2) 排烃量/(108 t) 未熟期 0.50 0.00 481.93 0.00 0.00 2.06 0.00 0 0.60 0.00 481.93 0.00 0.00 2.06 0.00 0 主要成油期 0.70 0.00 481.93 0.00 0.00 2.06 0.00 0 0.80 0.08 444.28 37.65 37.65 1.95 71.21 21.622 0.90 0.17 399.10 82.83 45.18 1.84 147.87 44.901 1.00 0.32 327.56 154.37 71.54 1.69 253.10 76.856 1.10 0.52 233.43 248.49 94.13 1.53 367.96 111.731 1.20 0.66 165.66 316.27 67.77 1.43 437.77 132.929 1.30 0.76 116.72 365.21 48.95 1.37 482.78 146.597 主要成气期 1.40 0.84 75.30 406.63 41.42 1.32 517.81 157.236 1.50 0.91 43.67 438.25 31.63 1.28 542.89 164.850 1.60 0.95 26.36 455.57 17.32 1.26 556.05 168.846 1.70 0.96 21.08 460.84 5.27 1.25 559.98 170.039 1.80 0.97 15.06 466.87 6.02 1.25 564.42 171.390 1.90 0.98 11.30 470.63 3.77 1.24 567.18 172.227 2.00 0.98 7.53 474.40 3.77 1.24 569.92 173.059 过熟期 2.50 0.99 6.59 475.34 0.19 1.24 570.60 173.266 3.00 0.99 5.65 476.28 0.19 1.24 571.28 173.473 3.50 0.99 4.71 477.22 0.19 1.24 571.96 173.679 4.00 0.99 3.77 478.16 0.19 1.24 572.64 173.885 4.50 0.99 2.82 479.10 0.19 1.24 573.32 174.091 5.00 1.00 1.88 480.05 0.19 1.23 574.00 174.297 5.50 1.00 0.94 480.99 0.19 1.23 574.67 174.502 6.00 1.00 0.00 481.93 0.19 1.23 575.35 174.707
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