Abstract: The function of carbon fixation and oxygen release of forest plays an important role in effectively mitigating climate change. Aiming at the mechanism of multi-factor on the spatial differentiation of ecosystem carbon storage, based on the land use data of 2000, 2010 and 2020, the InVEST model was used to estimate the carbon storage and its spatial distribution characteristics in the Xiaoxing 'anling area. The random forest model was used to screen the important variables such as topography, meteorology and soil, and the geodetector was selected to explore the main driving factors driving the spatial differentiation of carbon storage in the study area and explore its driving mechanism. The results showed that the land use types in the study area were mainly forest land (77%) and cultivated land (20%). The structure of land types changed obviously, which showed that the area of cultivated land and construction land increased, and the area of forest land and grassland decreased. The total carbon storage in the study area has gradually decreased by 0.44% in the past 20 years. The mutual transformation of cultivated land, forest land and grassland is the main reason for the decrease of carbon storage. The dominant factors of spatial differentiation of carbon storage are vegetation coverage (0.254~0.278) and soil texture (0.146~0.168). The study can provide restoration suggestions for local ecological restoration projects according to local conditions, and provide reference for the scientific management of ' double carbon ' work.