Abstract: The concept of human−nature community of life emphasizes the interdependent relationship between human and nature, and its intrinsic elements are universally linked and mutually influential. In this study, the interconnections and evolutionary mechanisms among natural resource, social economy, and eco−environment were delved, and then the interrelationship among the elements of the complex system was explored. Further analysis of the evolutionary paths of the elements of natural resources, socio−economic factors, and the ecological environment from primitive civilization, agricultural civilization, and industrial civilization to ecological civilization provides theoretical support and practical guidance for current ecological civilization transformation. This study initially explores the evolving relationships between natural resource, social economy, and eco−environment, providing scientific cognition for the concept of community of life between human and nature and theoretical support for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and achieving the goal of sustainable development.