Ecological zoning from the perspective of coupling ecosystem service supply and demand in the Chishui River Basin
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摘要:
生态系统服务是连接自然生态系统和社会经济系统的关键桥梁，对经济社会发展和保障人类福祉具有重要意义。从生态系统服务供给与需求的关系出发，开展生态修复分区研究，是新时期因地制宜制定针对性生态保护修复策略和协调区域间发展的重要前提。以赤水河流域为研究区，以409个街道（镇）为评价单元，分析2010—2020年生态系统服务供需变化及二者耦合协调程度。其中，高阶耦合(n=61)、高阶失调(n=140)、低阶失调(n=63)和低阶耦合(n=145)的供给变化量（z-score标准化）分别为1.7 ± 2.1、−0.9 ± 2.2、5.9 ± 6.4和−0.1 ± 0.5，需求变化量（z-score标准化）分别为0.6 ± 1.1、2.1 ± 2.4、0.7 ± 2.4和−0.5 ± 0.4。结合各区供需变化量本文提出了生态保育型、重点修复型、生态连通型、价值转化型等赤水河流域差异化生态保护修复分区策略，为区域生态保护修复提供了科学依据。
Abstract:Ecological zoning from the perspective of coupling the supply and demand of the ecosystem services is instrumental in promoting the sustainable development of social−ecological system. In this study, the ecosystem services supply (ESS) and ecosystem services demand (ESD) the between 2010 and 2020 in Chishui River Basin were investigated. The coupling degrees were calculated based on the changes in ESS and ESD between 2010 and 2020. According to the results of coupling degree, the 409 study units (streets/towns) were divided into four categories. The averaged ESS changes for the high order of coupling degrees zonation, high order of uncoupling degree zonation, low order of uncoupling degree zonation and low order of uncoupling degree zonation are 1.7 ± 2.1, −0.9 ± 2.2, 5.9 ± 6.4 and −0.1 ± 0.5, respectively. The averaged ESD changes are 0.6 ± 1.1, 2.1 ± 2.4, 0.7 ± 2.4 and −0.5 ± 0.4, respectively. The 61 streets/towns with high order of coupling degrees represented for conversation−oriented zone in which should focus on conservation on the key and typical landscapes, improve the existing ecosystem network and highlight the regional social−ecological complex functions. The 140 streets/towns with high order of uncoupling degree represented for key restoration zone, in which focused on incorporating key areas for ecological restoration into regional development planning. The 63 streets/towns with low order of uncoupling degree represented for network−oriented zone, focusing at establishing ecological corridors and networks to improve the connectivity, so as to maintain important the continuous supply of ecosystem services in the region. The 145 streets/towns with low order of uncoupling degree represented for ecological livelihood−oriented zone focusing at alternative livelihood through ecological branding and products value gaining. The finding of the ecological zoning scheme of the Chishui River Basin reflects the differences in the spatial allocation of regional environmental resources and can provide technical guidance on spatial planning for ecological conservation and restoration.
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图 2 2010年和2020年赤水河流域街道（镇）单元生态系统服务供给特征演变
a—2010年生态系统服务价值；b—2020年生态系统服务价值；c—生态系统服务价值变化量
Figure 2. Spatial patterns of ecosystem services supply of 2010 and 2020 year and its change in the Chishui River Basin
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图 3 2010年和2020年赤水河流域街道（镇）单元生态系统服务需求特征演变
Figure 3. Spatial pattern of ecosystem services demand of 2010 and 2020 year and its change during the study period in the Chishui River Basin
表 1 本次研究主要数据及来源
Table 1 Main data and data source used in this study
数据类型 数据名称 分辨率 时段/年 来源 基础地理数据 行政边界数据 1∶10000 地球系统科学数据共享平台https://www.geodata.cn/data/ 数字高程模型DEM 30 m 地理空间数据云https://www.gscloud.cn/ 栅格数据 夜间灯光数据 500 m 2010和2020 https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YGIVCD 土地利用覆被数据 30 m 2010和2020 资源环境数据中心https://www.resdc.cn/DOI/DOI.aspx?DOIID=54 社会经济数据 人口 1 km 2010和2020 资源环境数据中心https://www.resdc.cn/data.aspx?DATAID=269 GDP 1 km 2010和2020 资源环境数据中心https://www.resdc.cn/data.aspx?DATAID=269 统计年鉴 年鉴 2010和2020 重庆、云南昭通、四川泸州、贵州遵义、贵州毕节政府网站
https://www.cq.gov.cn/zwgk/zfxxgkzl/fdzdgknr/tjxx/tjnj/
http://www.zt.gov.cn/channels/3122.html
http://8.137.105.48:10020/yearBookList.html
https://www.bijie.gov.cn/bm/bjstjj/zwgk/tjsj/tjnj/
https://tjj.zunyi.gov.cn/tjnj/
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表 2 赤水河流域供需变化分区统计
Table 2 Statistics on the number of ecological zones in the Chishui River Basin
组合类型 组合定义 单元数/个 供给变化量
（z-score标准化）需求变化量
（z-score标准化）分区方案 高阶耦合 耦合−供需综合指数高 61 1.7 ± 2.1 0.6 ± 1.1 生态保育型 高阶失调 非耦合−供需综合指数高 140 −0.9 ± 2.2 2.1 ± 2.4 重点修复型 低阶失调 非耦合−供需综合指数低 63 5.9 ±6.4 0.7 ± 2.4 生态连通型 低阶耦合 耦合−供需综合指数低 145 −0.1 ± 0.5 −0.5 ± 0.4 价值转化型
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