Research on land-space ecological restoration zoning based on the types of Earth’s Critical Zone： A case study of Xixia County, Henan Province
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摘要:
地球关键带类型单元反映自然本底特征，可为国土空间生态修复提供科学参考。以土地覆盖、地形、土壤为构成要素，划分县域地球关键带类型，并结合InVEST模型和Conefor2.6模型评估区域生态重要性和生态敏感性，识别县域国土空间生态修复分区。结果显示：①西峡县地球关键带类型可划分为一级类型8种，二级类型19种，一级类中阔叶林丘陵地类型为主要类型，二级类中阔叶林丘陵地淋溶土为主要类型；②高生态重要性等级地球关键带集中在中部和北部分布，约占县域的9.3%。生态敏感性等级高的地球关键带单元主要分布在北部丘陵区；③按生态等级将地球关键带单元分为底线型、紧张型、缓冲型和一般型4类，县域国土空间生态修复区域分为自然保护地核心保育区、重点生态保护区、一般生态保护区和其他区域。
Abstract:The type units of Earth’s Critical Zone reflect the characteristics of the natural background, which can provide scientific reference for the ecological restoration of land and space. We use land cover, topography and soil as the constituent elements to divide the types of Earth’s Critical Zone, the regional ecological importance and ecological sensitivity are evaluated by combining the InVEST model and Conefor2.6 model, and the land−space ecological restoration zone is identified. The results show that: ① The types of Earth’s Critical Zone in Xixia County could be divided into 8 first−class types and 19 second−class types, with the Broadleaf forest−Hilly in the first−class types as the main type, and the Broadleaf forest−Hilly−Leaching soil in the second−class types as the main type. ② The units of high ecological importance were concentrated in the central and northern parts, accounting for about 9.3% of the county. The units with high ecological sensitivity are mainly distributed in the northern hilly area. ③ According to the ecological level, the units of Earth’s Critical Zone are divided into four categories: bottom line, tension, buffer and general, and the ecological restoration is divided into core conservation area of nature reserve, key ecological reserve, general ecological reserve and other areas.
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图 2 地球关键带类型划分结果
a—一级地球关键带类型；b—二级地球关键带类型
Figure 2. Results of the classification of Earth’s Critical Zone types
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图 5 西峡县国土空间生态修复区域划分
a—地球关键带单元生态等级；b—国土空间生态修复分区
Figure 5. Regional division of land space ecological restoration in Xixia County
表 1 地球关键带分类级别与命名规则
Table 1 Classification levels and naming rules for Earth's Critical Zone
级别 包含要素 理论单元种类 实际单元种类 命名举例 一级地球关键带 土地覆盖、地形 5×2 8 阔叶林丘陵地 二级地球关键带 土地覆盖、地形、土壤类型 5×2×5 19 阔叶林丘陵地淋溶土 
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表 2 威胁源参数设置
Table 2 Threat source parameter settings
威胁源 建设用地 耕地 裸地 草地 0.6 0.6 0.5 林地 0.7 0.5 0.5 园地 0.7 0.6 0.5 水域 0.7 0.4 0.3 权重 1 0.7 0.2 最大影响距离 0.8 0.5 0.3
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表 3 水土流失敏感性影响因子分级
Table 3 Grading of erosion sensitivity impact factors
分级 不敏感(1) 轻度敏感(2) 中度敏感(3) 高度敏感(4) 极敏感(5) R值 <25 >600 400 ~ 600 100 ~ 400 25 ~ 100 土壤质地 石砾、沙 粗砂土、细砂土、粘土 面砂土、壤土 砂壤土、粉粘土、壤粘土 砂粉土、粉土 地形起伏度/m 0 ~ 20 20 ~ 50 50 ~ 100 100 ~ 300 300 ~ 450 沟谷密度/（km·km−2） <1 1 ~ 2 2 ~ 3 3 ~ 5 >5 植被类型 水体 阔叶林、针叶林 草丛 栽培植被 裸地 分级赋值（C） 1 3 5 7 9
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表 4 地球关键带单元生态等级判别原则
Table 4 Discriminating principles of the ecological level of Earth's Critical Zone units
生态重要性等级
生态敏感性等级轻度重要 一般重要 中度重要 高度重要 极度重要 不敏感 其他单元 其他单元 其他单元 其他单元 其他单元 低敏感 其他单元 其他单元 其他单元 其他单元 其他单元 中敏感 其他单元 其他单元 一般型单元 缓冲型单元 紧张型单元 高敏感 其他单元 其他单元 缓冲型单元 紧张型单元 底线型单元 极敏感 其他单元 其他单元 紧张型单元 底线型单元 底线型单元
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表 5 一级地球关键带类型数量结构
Table 5 Quantitative structure of first-class types of Earth’s Critical Zone
一级地球关键带类型 面积比 频率比 多样性指数 草丛平原地 0.51% 13.54% 0.000001 草丛丘陵地 0.03% 1.30% 0 灌丛平原地 0.07% 2.60% 0 阔叶林平原地 37.80% 33.59% 0.007182 阔叶林丘陵地 47.62% 18.75% 0.021154 栽培植被平原地 13.26% 8.07% 0.006164 针叶林平原地 0.36% 12.50% 0 针叶林丘陵地 0.34% 9.64% 0.000001
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表 6 二级地球关键带类型数量结构
Table 6 Quantitative structure of second-class types of Earth’s Critical Zone
二级地球关键带类型 面积比 频率比 多样性指数 草丛平原地初育土 0.068% 2.08% 0 草丛平原地淋溶土 0.444% 11.46% 0.000001 草丛丘陵地淋溶土 0.033% 1.30% 0 灌丛平原地半水成土 0.007% 0.26% 0 灌丛平原地初育土 0.004% 0.26% 0 灌丛平原地淋溶土 0.060% 2.08% 0 阔叶林平原地半水成土 0.005% 0.26% 0 阔叶林平原地初育土 2.266% 4.17% 0.000074 阔叶林平原地淋溶土 35.521% 28.91% 0.007108 阔叶林平原地人为土 0.005% 0.26% 0 阔叶林丘陵地初育土 0.152% 0.78% 0.000001 阔叶林丘陵地淋溶土 47.470% 17.97% 0.021152 栽培植被平原地半水成土 0.293% 0.52% 0.000007 栽培植被平原地初育土 7.392% 2.34% 0.004952 栽培植被平原地淋溶土 5.572% 4.95% 0.001206 栽培植被平原地灰岩 0.007% 0.26% 0 针叶林平原地初育土 0.033% 1.30% 0 针叶林平原地淋溶土 0.326% 11.20% 0 针叶林丘陵地淋溶土 0.344% 9.64% 0.000001
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表 7 各生态等级地球关键带类型
Table 7 Types of Earth's Critical Zone by ecological class
生态等级 一级地球关键带类型 二级地球关键带类型 一般型单元 栽培植被平原地 栽培植被平原地淋溶土 阔叶林平原地 阔叶林平原地淋溶土、阔叶林平原地初育土 针叶林平原地 针叶林平原地淋溶土、针叶林平原地初育土 草丛平原地 草丛平原地初育土、草丛平原地淋溶土 阔叶林丘陵地 阔叶林丘陵地淋溶土 针叶林丘陵地 针叶林丘陵地淋溶土 缓冲型单元 栽培植被平原地 栽培植被平原地初育土、栽培植被平原地淋溶土、栽培植被平原地灰岩 阔叶林平原地 阔叶林平原地淋溶土 针叶林平原地 针叶林平原地淋溶土 草丛平原地 草丛平原地淋溶土 阔叶林丘陵地 阔叶林丘陵地淋溶土 针叶林丘陵地 针叶林丘陵地淋溶土 紧张型单元 阔叶林平原地 阔叶林平原地淋溶土 针叶林平原地 针叶林平原地淋溶土 阔叶林丘陵地 阔叶林丘陵地淋溶土 针叶林丘陵地 针叶林丘陵地淋溶土 底线型单元 阔叶林平原地 阔叶林平原地淋溶土 针叶林平原地 针叶林平原地淋溶土 草丛平原地 草丛平原地淋溶土 阔叶林丘陵地 阔叶林丘陵地淋溶土 针叶林丘陵地 针叶林丘陵地淋溶土
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