Abstract: The traditional technical eco-geological survey based on the investigator's experience thinking , the representativeness and typicality of the field observation points will lead to the result of the survey being “Not repeatable”, and part of the inference process can not be verified. In this paper, an operating approach of eco-geological survey was come up, which was based on the soil landscape model, geological formation classification and field investigation. The specific steps were as follows. Firstly, the environmental factors playing an essential role in forming and developing ecological pattern were found out and environmental factors database was constructed. Secondly, Fuzzy C-Means clustering of various environmental factors was applied to establish the soil landscape model and obtain the membership distribution map of environmental combination.Thirdly, geological formations were categorized. Next, according to the membership distribution map and geological formations classification, the field survey places were determined , the matrix (soil) type and ecosystem types were summarized. Finally, the corresponding relationship between geological formation, environmental factors and ecological pattern was extracted, and the ecological geological units were divided.The new approach was applied in the Chengde Chaibaihe watershed. The corresponding relationship between ecological pattern, geologicao formation, and environmental factors was obtained based on 435 ecological geological survey places. The ecological geological map was compiled; whose accuracy was 84.8%. It was manifested that the approach improves the ecological geological survey efficiency and accuracy.