Abstract: Resource−based cities that rely on high−carbon development models face many risks in the process of green and low−carbon transformation and achieving the dual carbon goals. Transforming the pressure of emission reduction into the driving force for emission reduction within the city by improving urban resilience, and better handling the synergistic relationship between the dual carbon goals and high−quality development, is the key to the ultimate realization of sustainable development. This study regards urban resilience as the actual response of resource−based cities to the dual carbon goals. By constructing a resource−based city resilience assessment system, it quantitatively evaluates the differences in resilience levels of 30 resource−based cities in China from 2010 to 2019, and compares changes in carbon emissions with resource−based cities. The main results of the relationship between urban resilience are as follows: ①In terms of time evolution, the resilience of 30 resource−based cities increased over time, and the gap in resilience levels between cities continued to expand; in terms of spatial evolution, the resilience of resource−based cities show the characteristics of high in the east and low in the west, which is more obvious since 2013; in terms of the coordinated development of urban resilience, the degree of coordination between economic and ecological resilience is high, which is the resilience of resource−based cities under the dual carbon goals. ②Comparing the urban resilience with the carbon emissions of resource−based cities, the trend of their absolute values is rising, and the growth rate is decreasing first and then rising. Although the resource−based cities have not reached the peak, the growth rate of urban resilience is much higher than the growth rate of carbon emissions. Urban resilience is expected to be an important means of tackling climate change and achieving the dual carbon goals. Based on the above content, suggestions on building a resource−based urban resilience assessment system and safeguarding policy system with the dual carbon goals are put forward.