Abstract: Soil quality evaluation is the key to the implementation of fine agricultural production and land scientific management. Evaluating the soil quality under different land use patterns and mapping its spatial distribution can provide a basis for optimizing the spatial layout of land use, objectively and accurately evaluating soil quality and scientifically managing land resources. In this study, the black soil in Baoqing Plain was taken as the research object, and 31 evaluation indexes were selected as the total data set (TDS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were used to determine the minimum data set (MDS) of soil quality evaluation for different land use types. By using geostatistical methods, the spatial distribution map of soil quality was drawn based on the ordinary Kriging interpolation method. The results showed that there were significant differences in soil quality under different land use patterns. The overall performance of soil quality was grassland > forest land > dry land > paddy field. The model with Gaussian semi−variogram function was most suitable for predicting the spatial distribution of soil quality. The spatial distribution of soil quality showed a certain regularity. The closer to the northern Naoli River Basin, the better the soil quality. Most of the soil quality was in the middle and upper level, and the production potential was large.