Mineral composition characteristics and genesis of typical quartz sandstone deposits in Hunan Province: A case study of Tanjiaao deposit in Xiangtan County
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摘要:
湖南省具有丰富的石英砂岩矿产资源，主要赋存于泥盆系及石炭系浅海相或海陆交互相沉积地层中，矿体厚度大，矿石质量好。为了在高端材料应用领域为湖南省典型石英砂岩矿的利用提供科学依据，在前人研究基础上，以湘潭县谭家坳矿床为例，运用X射线荧光光谱分析（XRF）、扫描电镜-能谱仪（SEM-EDS）等现代岩矿测试分析技术，结合微区原位分析等方法，对矿石中的杂质赋存状态进行了细致研究，并探讨了矿床成因。研究结果显示，谭家坳石英砂岩的SiO2含量平均高达95.29%，Al2O3含量平均为1.27%，Fe2O3等其他元素的平均含量为1.12%。在胶结物中，Al、Fe杂质元素主要以白云母、粘土及赤铁矿等矿物形式存在。此外，矿石中偶见钛铁矿、锆石、独居石、金红石等矿物。谭家坳石英砂岩多为细粒石英砂岩，纯度较高，磨圆度多为次圆—次棱角状，胶结方式为孔隙—压嵌型，矿物成熟度和结构成熟度也极高，这些特征反映了滨海环境中前滨亚相的沉积特点。区域内广泛出露的元古宙地层及加里东期岩浆岩可能是本区石英砂岩的物质来源，经多个地质旋回的搬运、分选和沉积，最终形成了中泥盆统跳马涧组的石英砂岩，并在分选条件较好的部位形成石英砂岩矿床。
Abstract:Hunan Province is rich in quartz sandstone mineral resources, which mainly occur in Devonian and Carboniferous shallow marine or sea land interactive sedimentary strata. The ore body is thick and of good quality. In order to provide a scientific basis for the application of advanced materials in typical quartz sandstone deposits in Hunan Province, on the basis of previous research, taking the Tanjiaao deposit in Xiangtan County as an example, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used. Other modern testing and analysis techniques, such as the use of micro-area in-situ analysis have carried out in-depth research. The occurrence state of ore impurities is deeply studied, and the genesis of the deposit is discussed. The results show that the average content of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 in Tanjiaao quartz sandstone ore is 95.29%, 1.27% and 1.12% respectively. The impurity elements of Al and Fe in the cement are mainly produced in the form of minerals such as muscovite, clay and hematite, and minerals such as ilmenite, zircon, monazite and rutile are occasionally found in the ore. Tanjiaao quartz sandstone is mostly fine-grained quartz sandstone, with high purity, sub rounded sub prismatic roundness, pore pressure inlay cementation, and high mineral maturity and structural maturity, reflecting the sedimentary characteristics of foreshore subfacies in coastal environment. The Proterozoic strata and Caledonian magmatic rocks widely exposed in the area provide material sources for the quartz sandstone in this area. After multiple cycles of transportation, sorting and sedimentation, the quartz sandstone of the Middle Devonian Tiaomajian Formation is formed, and the quartz sandstone deposit is formed in the well sorted part.
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图 1 湘潭县谭家坳石英砂岩矿区域地质简图
1—中元古界冷家溪群；2—中泥盆统跳马涧组、云台观组、棋子桥组；3—上泥盆统佘田桥组、七里江组；4—上泥盆统长龙界组、锡矿山组、欧家冲组、孟公坳组；5—下石炭统马栏边组、天鹅坪组、石磴子组；6—上石炭统黄龙组；7—下二叠统栖霞组、当冲组；8—上白垩统泥家村组、戴家坪组；9—石英砂岩矿区
Figure 1. Regional geological map of Tanjiaao quartz sandstone mining area
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图 2 谭家坳石英砂岩矿野外特征
a—石英砂岩矿体宏观特征；b—细粒石英砂岩；c—泥质石英砂岩
Figure 2. Field characteristics of Tanjiaao quartz sandstone deposit
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图 3 石英砂岩探针片样SEM（a~c）及EDS（d~l）分析结果
Q—石英；Ms—白云母；Hem—赤铁矿；Ilm—钛铁矿；Mnz—独居石；Zi—锆石；Rt—金红石
Figure 3. SEM (a~c) and EDS (d~l) analysis results of quartz sandstone probe samples
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图 4 华南湘桂地区中泥盆世早期岩相古地理图（据刘宝珺, 1994修改）
Figure 4. Lithofacies paleogeography map of early Middle Devonian in Hunan and Guangxi
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图 5 湖南省湘潭地区跳马涧组沉积模式图（据张欣平等, 1992）
Figure 5. Sedimentary model of Tiaomajian Formation in Xiangtan area, Hunan Province
表 1 谭家坳石英砂岩矿体主量元素分析结果
Table 1 Major elements analysis results of Tanjiaao quartz sandstone ore body
% 样品编号 SiO2 Fe2O3 Al2O3 Cr2O3 MgO CaO K2O Na2O TiO2 烧失量 总量 TJA-1 95.53 0.85 1.28 0.001 0.01 0.12 0.31 0.04 0.03 0.98 99.15 TJA-2 96.14 1.09 1.07 0.001 0.02 0.1 0.21 0.03 0.05 0.68 99.39 TJA-3 94.21 1.41 1.45 0.001 0.05 0.14 0.13 0.01 0.05 1.24 98.69 平均 95.29 1.12 1.27 0.001 0.03 0.12 0.22 0.03 0.04 0.97 99.08 
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