准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂带构造变形机制 基于物理实验模拟研究

豆方鹏; 李江海; 彭谋

doi:10.12097/gbc.2022.03.044

准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂带构造变形机制——基于物理实验模拟研究

豆方鹏^{1, 2,},
李江海^{1, 2, ,},
彭谋^{1, 2}

1.
北京大学造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871
2.
北京大学地球与空间科学学院, 北京 100871

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目《重点含盐盆地钾盐成矿规律、勘查技术与增储示范》(编号：2023YFC2906500)

详细信息

作者简介:
豆方鹏(1997− )，男，在读硕士生，从事地质学研究。E−mail：2001210125@stu.pku.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李江海（1965− ），男，教授，从事全球构造教学与研究。E−mail：jhli@pku.edu.cn

中图分类号: P542.3; P554
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-22
- 修回日期: 2022-07-24
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-06
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-14

Tectonic deformation mechanism of the fault zone in the northwest margin of Junggar Basin: Based on physical experimental simulation

DOU Fangpeng^{1, 2,},
LI Jianghai^{1, 2, ,},
PENG Mou^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, OE, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2.
School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

摘要

摘要:
准噶尔盆地西北缘发育以红车(红山嘴、车排子)、克白(克拉玛依、百口泉)和乌夏(乌尔河、夏子街)为代表的边缘断裂系统，是影响石炭纪—三叠纪地层发育特征和控制油气聚集的关键因素。准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂带属性及形成机制是地球科学界广泛讨论的问题，并一直存在争议。基于区域地质背景和前人研究成果，采用物理砂箱实验模拟准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂带构造变形机制。实验结果表明，乌夏、克白断裂带主要由一条西倾的主断裂控制，两侧断裂不对称分布，为不对称状花状断裂。红车断裂带主要由2条主断裂控制，呈雁列状分布，整体表现为近似对称的花状构造。通过物理模拟正演，认为准噶尔盆地西北缘早石炭世—晚三叠世演化过程可分为2个阶段，即残余洋盆俯冲阶段和右旋走滑阶段。准噶尔盆地西北缘构造石炭纪—三叠纪地层圈闭发育，可能是逆冲断裂和褶皱形成的断鼻、断块和排列背斜，这些伴生构造圈闭是准噶尔盆地西北缘油气成藏的关键因素。
- 准噶尔盆地西北缘 /
- 玛湖凹陷 /
- 物理模拟 /
- 断裂带 /
- 构造变形
Abstract:
The development of marginal fault systems, exemplified by Hongche (Hongshanzui, Chepai), Kebai (Karamay, Baikouquan), and Wuxia (Wuerhe, Xiazijie) in the northwest margin of Junggar Basin, is a pivotal factor influencing the developmental characteristics of Carboniferous-Triassic strata and governing hydrocarbon accumulation. The nature and formation mechanism of the fault zone in the northwest margin of Junggar Basin have been extensively discussed within the earth science community. Building upon regional geological context and previous research findings, a physical sandbox experiment was conducted to simulate the tectonic deformation mechanism within the fault zone at northwestern Junggar Basin. The experimental outcomes reveal that the Wuxia and Kebai fault zones are primarily controlled by a west-dipping main fault with a symmetrically distributed subsidiary faults on both sides. Conversely, the Hongche fault zone is predominantly governed by two main faults exhibiting an en echelon distribution pattern with an approximately symmetrical flower-like structure. Through forward physical simulation, it can be inferred that Early Carboniferous to Late Triassic evolution at the northwest margin of Junggar Basin can be divided into two stages: residual ocean basin subduction stage followed by right-lateral strike-slip stage. The development of Carboniferous-Triassic stratigraphic traps in this region may be attributed to thrust faults and folds forming fault noses, fault blocks, and aligned anticlines. These associated structural traps serve as key factors for hydrocarbon accumulation at the northwest margin of Junggar Basin.
- northwestern margin of Junggar /
- Mahu depression /
- physical simulation /
- fault /
- tectonic mechanism

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图 1 北疆地区数字高程模型（a, 显示了主要断裂和构造单元）、西北缘断裂体系简化构造图(b)、A-A’剖面地层结构图(c,据王鹤华等, 2015修改)和B-B’剖面地层结构图(d,据Tang et al.,2021修改)

Figure 1. The digital elevation model of northern Xinjiang showing the major faults and structural units (a), the simplified structure diagram of the fault system in the northwest margin (b), the stratigraphic structure diagram of A-A 'section (c), and the stratigraphic structure diagram of B-B' section (d)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 实验模型示意图

a—模拟弧形压扭性走滑；b—模拟直线压扭性走滑

Figure 2. Schematic diagrams of experimental model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 实验结果俯视图

a—弧形压扭性走滑；b—直线压扭性走滑

Figure 3. Top view of experimental results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 弧形压扭性边界物理模拟结果(A-A’、B-B’、C-C’、D-D’)和直线压扭性边界物理模拟结果(E-E’、F-F’、G-G’)（字母的含义说明见正文,剖面位置见图3）

Figure 4. Physical simulation results of arc compression-torsion boundary(A-A’，B-B’，C-C’，D-D’) and physical simulation results of straight-line compression-torsion boundary(E-E’，F-F’，G-G’)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 准噶尔地区早石炭世—晚石炭世(约310 Ma)和早二叠世—晚三叠世(约250 Ma)构造演化简图

Figure 5. Tectonic evolution diagram of Early Carboniferous to Late Carboniferous(~310 Ma) and Early Permian-Late Triassic(~250 Ma) in Junggar area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 本研究使用的物理参数和地质原型与实验模型之间的比例因子

Table 1 The physical parameters and scale factors between geological prototypes and experimental models used in this study

参数	地质原型	实验模型	比例因子
长度 $\left(l\right)/\mathrm{m}$	$\text{4.5×}{\text{10}}^{\text{4}\text{}}\;\mathrm{m}$	$5\times{10^{-1}}\;\mathrm{m}$	${{l}}_{\mathrm{M}}/{{l}}_{\mathrm{N}}=\text{9×}{\text{10}}^{{-4}}$
石英砂密度 $\left(\rho \right)$	$\text{2.4×}{\text{10}}^{\text{3}\text{}}\mathrm{k}\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$	$\text{1.35×}{\text{10}}^{\text{3}}\mathrm{k}\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$	${\mathrm{\rho }}_{\mathrm{M}}/{\mathrm{\rho }}_{\mathrm{N}}=0.65$
重力加速度 $\left(\text{g}\right)$	$9.81\;\mathrm{m}/{\mathrm{s}}^{2}$	$9.81\;\mathrm{m}/{\mathrm{s}}^{2}$	${\text{g}}_{\text{M}}/{\text{g}}_{\mathrm{N}}=\text{1.0}$
摩擦系数 $\left(\mu \right)$	$0.73$	$0.58$	${\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{M}}/{\mathrm{\mu }}_{\mathrm{N}}=0.65$
旋转角度 $\left(\theta \right)$	70°	40°	${\mathrm{\theta }}_{\mathrm{M}}/{\mathrm{\theta }}_{\mathrm{N}}=0.65$
时间尺度(T)	50 Myr	9 min	${{T}}_{\mathrm{M}}/{{T}}_{\mathrm{N}}=3.5\times {10}^{-13}$
注：实验模型密度数据据王鹤华等, 2015；旋转角度数据据Wang et al.,2007;Yi et al.,2015

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准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂带构造变形机制——基于物理实验模拟研究

作者简介: 豆方鹏(1997− )，男，在读硕士生，从事地质学研究。E−mail：2001210125@stu.pku.edu.cn

通讯作者: 李江海（1965− ），男，教授，从事全球构造教学与研究。E−mail：jhli@pku.edu.cn

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出版历程

Tectonic deformation mechanism of the fault zone in the northwest margin of Junggar Basin: Based on physical experimental simulation

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目录

作者简介:
豆方鹏(1997− )，男，在读硕士生，从事地质学研究。E−mail：2001210125@stu.pku.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李江海（1965− ），男，教授，从事全球构造教学与研究。E−mail：jhli@pku.edu.cn