杭州湾北岸现代潮滩沉积物粒度特征及其对古海平面的指示意义

战庆; 赵宝成; 陈昆钰; 史玉金; 王寒梅

doi:10.12097/gbc.2022.03.042

杭州湾北岸现代潮滩沉积物粒度特征及其对古海平面的指示意义

战庆^{1, 2, 3,},
赵宝成^{1, 2, 3},
陈昆钰⁴,
史玉金^{1, 2, 3},
王寒梅^{1, 2, 3}

1.
上海市地质调查研究院, 上海 200072
2.
自然资源部地面沉降监测与防治重点实验室, 上海 200072
3.
上海地面沉降控制工程技术研究中心, 上海 200072
4.
上海中学国际部, 上海 200231

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目《杭州湾北岸全新世早期(10-9 cal ka BP)高精度海平面重建及沉积环境响应》（批准号：41706098）、《基于微体化石识别全新世高海面阶段长江口外水团相互作用及调控机制》（批准号：42076081）

详细信息

作者简介:
战庆（1983− ），男，博士，高级工程师，从事长江三角洲地质环境演化研究。E−mail：zhanqing5203893@163.com

中图分类号: P53; P736.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-22
- 修回日期: 2022-06-22
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-06
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-14

Grain size features of the modern tidal−flat sediment on the north bank of Hangzhou Bay and the implication of sea-level reconstruction

ZHAN Qing^{1, 2, 3,},
ZHAO Baocheng^{1, 2, 3},
CHEN Kunyu⁴,
SHI Yujin^{1, 2, 3},
WANG Hanmei^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai 200072, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Land Subsidence Monitoring and Prevention, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200072, China
3.
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Land Subsidence, Shanghai 200072, China
4.
Shanghai High School International Division, Shanghai 200231, China

摘要

摘要:
对杭州湾北岸3处现代潮滩沉积物进行高精度粒度分析，查找研究区潮滩不同微相的粒度特征和差异，提取基于粒度分析的潮滩微相识别敏感指标，并将其应用到该区域的全新世钻孔潮滩沉积物中，识别钻孔潮滩沉积微相，据此建立研究区全新世早期的海平面曲线。研究表明：杭州湾北岸现代高潮滩盐沼沉积物粘土含量明显高于高潮滩下部和中潮滩，而砂含量与之相反；高潮滩盐沼平均粒径等粒度参数明显小于中、高潮滩的粒度参数；盐沼沉积物粒度频率曲线峰态宽缓，明显区别于高潮滩下部和中潮滩。上述现代潮滩微相粒度敏感指标可成功应用到钻孔潮滩沉积微相划分中，并建立了该区域全新世早期海平面曲线。曲线显示，9700~8700 cal a BP期间海平面上升约11.6 m，海平面上升速率可达1.2 cm/a。现代潮滩不同位置沉积物粒度参数的规律性差异可作为潮滩微相识别的有效指标，为古潮滩沉积微相识别和古海平面重建提供参考依据。
- 粒度分析 /
- 敏感指标 /
- 潮滩微相 /
- 海平面 /
- 杭州湾北岸
Abstract:
In this paper we take detail analyses on the sediment grain size for three tidal flat sections to set up the diagnostic indexes for recognization of tidal flat facies along the north bank of the Hangzhou Bay. The study also examined the application of the diagnostic indexes for distinguishing salt marsh, upper and lower tidal flats in a Holocene sediment core HZK11. The results show that clay and sand components could be the diagnostic indexes for distinguishing salt marsh, upper and lower tidal flats. Salt marsh volume curves are different from the upper and lower tidal plat. The parameters (Mode, Median and Mode) are effective indexes to identify salt marsh upper and lower tidal flat sediments.Above diagnostic sediment components, grain size parameters and volume curves are applied successfully to identify the exact tidal plat facies in boreholes and can be used to reconstruct relative sea-level which demonstrates sea-level rise of around 1.2 cm/a from 9700 cal a BP to 8700 cal a BP.
- grain size analysis /
- diagnostic indexes /
- tidal flat facies /
- sea-level /
- Hangzhou Bay

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图 1 研究区、剖面、钻孔位置及验潮站数据（黄海高程）

Figure 1. Location of the study area, core HZK11, tidal flat LC01~LC03, and tidal gauge

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图 2 LC01~LC03潮滩沉积物粒度参数分布特征

Figure 2. Distribution of sediment composition and grain size parameters of LC01~LC03

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图 3 杭州湾北岸现代潮滩沉积物粒度分布曲线

Figure 3. Differential grain size curves of the modern tidal−flat sediments on the north bank of Hangzhou Bay

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图 4 HZK11孔AMS ¹⁴C测年、岩性、粒度和沉积环境

Figure 4. Comprehensive profile of core HZK11 including calibrated AMS ¹⁴C age, lithology, grain size and interpretation of sedimentary environment

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图 5 HZK11孔潮滩沉积物粒度频率曲线

Figure 5. Differential volume curves of grain size of tidal−flat sediments from core HZK11

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图 6 杭州湾北岸潮滩沉积微相划分及粒度特征指标差异

Figure 6. Schematic profile of the north bank of Hangzhou Bay including clay and sand content, mean,median and mode, and volume curves of grain size

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图 7 HZK11孔全新世早期相对海平面曲线

Figure 7. Reconstructed relative sea-level curve during the early Holocene with data of core HZK11

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表 1 LC01 ~ LC03潮滩沉积物粒度参数

Table 1 Grain size distribution of tidal−flat sediments in LC01 ~ LC03

沉积相	剖面	粘土/%		粉砂/%		砂/%		平均粒径/µm		中值粒径/µm		众数/µm
沉积相	剖面	极值	均值	极值	均值	极值	均值	极值	均值	极值	均值	极值	均值
盐沼	LC01	9.9~42.1	30.8	49.4~83.9	64.2	1.6~8.9	5.0	12.6~33.4	18.3	5.1~32.1	10.7	5.9~38.0	15.4
	LC02	27.1~35.3	30.9	57.2~65.7	61.1	6.9~10.4	8.0	19.4~25.9	22	6.6~10.5	8.5	7.1~28.7	14.4
	LC03	31.7~37.9	34.8	60.2~66.5	63.4	1.8~1.9	1.9	11.7~14.3	13	6.2~8.5	7.4	10.3~12.4	11.3
高潮滩	LC01	8.3~12.1	10.3	44.8~78.1	66.3	10.1~47	23.4	33.1~67.9	47.1	24.6~59	37.1	28.7~105.9	48.7
	LC02	11.3~23.7	18.2	74.1~82.5	77.7	2.2~6.8	4.1	19.6~31.3	24.4	14.4~29.9	21.2	31.5~41.7	34.8
	LC03	3~22.8	14.1	7.5~82.8	55.8	2.4~89.5	30.2	18.4~141	57.4	13.1~151	55.3	23.8~168.9	67.3
中潮滩	LC01	9.1~11.2	10	38.9~67.5	51.8	21.3~51.1	38.2	42~62.4	54	39.8~64.3	53.2	50.2~87.9	69.4
	LC02	7.4	7.4	78.2	78.2	14.4	14.2	42	42	41.2	41.2	45.8	45.8
	LC03	6.5~10.9	9.2	40.3~68.4	50.1	20.7~53.2	40.6	41~68.6	56.1	37.1~66.4	54.9	45.8~80.1	66.3

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表 2 HZK11孔沉积物粒度参数

Table 2 Grain size distribution of sediments in HZK11

分层	粘土/%		粉砂/%		砂/%		平均粒径/µm		中值粒径/µm		众数/µm
分层	极值	均值	极值	均值	极值	均值	极值	均值	极值	均值	极值	均值
层Ⅰ	17.3~30.5	23.7	67.2~74.7	71.9	1.6~9.2	4.4	12.8~26.8	18.9	7.8~17.1	12.3	9.4~28.7	21.9
层Ⅱ	11.6~25.5	18.7	66.3~72.7	68.8	5.8~22.1	12.5	20.7~51.2	32.9	12.3~35.5	21.3	26.1~45.8	36.8
层Ⅲ	21~47.2	27.7	49.1~76.5	69	0~6.3	3.2	10.5~19.5	15.1	4.4~13.4	9.3	4.9~21.7	13.7
层Ⅳ	14.3~17.4	15.9	76.5~81.1	78.7	4.4~7.2	5.4	20.8~24.9	22.9	14.9~19.2	17.7	21.7~26.1	23.9
层Ⅴ	19.1~35.3	28.2	56.9~78.7	67.2	2~10.6	4.6	12~23.3	16.4	6.7~12.7	9	6.5~21.7	12.2
层Ⅵ	15.9~18.2	17.3	74.9~77.1	76.4	5~7.9	6.4	22.3~26.2	24.5	16~20.2	18.2	26.1~31.5	29.5
层Ⅶ	22.4~38.7	29	56.3~72.5	67	0.8~5.7	4	13.2~22.5	16.7	5.6~14.7	10	5.9~26.1	16.8

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表 3 HZK11孔沉积物对古海平面的指示意义和古海平面位置

Table 3 Relative sea-level reconstructed using sea-level indicatoes of core HZK11

实验室编号	标高H/m	测年材料	沉积环境	测试年龄		校正年龄 (2σ)		指示意义		古海平面（SL）
实验室编号	标高H/m	测年材料	沉积环境	a BP	误差	cal a BP	可信度	指示位置	标高/m	标高/m	误差
β-345615	−22.93	植物碎屑	高潮滩下部	8080	40	8760~9020	0.99	MNHW-MHW	1.07±0.6	−24.0	0.60
β-345617	−24.86	植物碎屑	高潮滩下部	8180	40	9010~9160	0.72	MNHW-MHW	1.07±0.6	−25.93	0.60
β-345618	−25.76	植物碎屑	高潮滩下部	8250	40	9030~9290	1	MNHW-MHW	1.07±0.6	−26.83	0.60
β-345619	−26.41	植物碎屑	高潮滩下部	8320	40	9190~9430	0.88	MNHW-MHW	1.07±0.6	−27.48	0.60
β-345620	−28.21	植物碎屑	盐沼	8240	60	9010~9320	0.96	MHW-MSHW	2.12±0.45	−30.33	0.45
β-345621	−28.74	植物碎屑	盐沼	8430	40	9300~9490	1	MHW-MSHW	2.12±0.45	−30.86	0.45
β-345622	−29.36	植物碎屑	盐沼	8330	40	9200~9430	0.92	MHW-MSHW	2.12±0.45	−31.48	0.45
β-345623	−32.33	植物碎屑	高潮滩下部	8670	40	9530~9680	1	MNHW-MHW	1.07±0.6	−33.40	0.60
β-345624	−33.47	植物碎屑	盐沼	8640	40	9520~9670	0.99	MHW-MSHW	2.12±0.45	−35.59	0.45
注：MHW—平均高潮位；MNHW—平均小潮高潮位；MSHW—平均大潮高潮位

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