| 摘要: |
| 几内亚大地构造位置处于西非克拉通南部，主要受Libérien、Eburnéen及泛非三次大的造山运动影响，主要的地质单元包括东部太古宙—古元古代马莱地盾、西部古生代博法（Bove）盆地和西南部泛非期Rokelide造山带。在广泛调研文献的基础上，着重介绍了几内亚铝土矿、铁、金等矿产资源的开发现状。结合区域地质背景和典型矿床分析，剖析了这3种优势金属矿产的成矿作用，认为几内亚超大规模的铝土矿资源是地质历史时期区域构造、成矿母岩、气候、地形地貌、水文地质等多种因素耦合作用的结果。几内亚拥有世界上规模最大的未开发BIF型铁矿资源，主要分布在几内亚东南部宁巴山和西芒杜2条绿岩带上，BIF型铁矿经历了太古宙至今漫长的沉积-变质/变形-风化富集作用。几内亚金矿以造山型金矿为主，形成于Eburnean造山运动晚期（2102~2085 Ma），主要分布在北部锡几里盆地内，具有明显的构造和岩性控矿特征。 |
| 关键词: 几内亚 优势金属矿产 铝土矿 金矿 铁矿 西非克拉通 矿产勘查工程 |
| DOI：10.12097/j.issn.1671-2552.2022.01.011 |
| 分类号:P618.51;P618.31;P618.45 |
| 基金项目:中国地质调查局项目《几内亚-科特迪瓦莱奥地盾铁锰铝资源调查》（编号：DD20201153） |
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| Geology, mineralization and development of principal metal mineral resources in Guinea |
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ZHANG Haikun, HU Peng, CHENG Xiang, JIANG Junsheng, LIU Jiangtao, XIANG Peng
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Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China
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| Abstract: |
| Guinea is tectonically located in the southern part of the Western Africa Craton and was dominated by three tectonic events, including Libérien, Eburnéen and Pan-African event. Geologically, Guinea consisted of eastern Archean-Paleoproterozoic Man-Leo Shield, western Paleozoic Bove Basin and southwestern Rokelide Orogn. Based on the the widely reviewing of former studies, this paper especially presented the development situation bauxite, iron, and gold resources and, combined with the knowledge on the geological background and classical deposits, provided an insight into their mineralization. It was suggested that the super-scaled bauxite resources in Guinea is formed from the overlapping of several key factors, including regional tectonics, parent rock, climate, topography and hydrogeology. Guinea hosts the largest untapped iron mineral resources which is mainly distributed in the Nimba and Simandou greenstone belts in its southeast, and formed by long sedimentary-metamorphic/deformation-weathering process since Archean. Gold in Guinea is dominated by orogenic type and formed in late Eburnean orogenic event (2102~2085 Ma). Gold deposits are mainly distributed in Siguiri Basin and controlled by structure and lithology. |
| Key words: Guinea predominant metal resources bauxite gold iron ore Western Africa Craton mineral exploration engineering |
