Abstract: Under the background of the age of big data, the study of geological data and the technology of big data provide effective support for the development and realization of the modernization of the geological work. The deep-seated reason of the contemporary trend of big data lies in mass data storage and data forms of more and more things. In this paper, through analyzing the key technology of data processing, the authors sum up the existing storage technologies under the background of big data. Based on geological data and geological cloud architecture, the authors discuss the geological data storage technology suitable for current geological work. Geological data are characterized by multiple sources, diversity, heterogeneity, space-time nature, directivity, correlation and randomness, fuzziness, and nonlinear nature. Therefore, the choice of the means of storage and management should be a specific issue deserving concrete analysis, and only the establishment of large data structure under multiple technologies can meet the demand of geological applications of big data.